Food allergies in pets most commonly manifest as skin problems with non-seasonal itching, skin rashes, redness and frequent ear infections. Gastrointestinal upsets like vomiting or diarrhea can also occur, although food intolerance is more commonly the cause of these GI signs. If you suspect your pet may have a food allergy we recommend enlisting the guidance of a veterinarian.
The first step toward managing a food allergy is to determine the actual allergen. The only definitive means involves a food elimination trial, preferably overseen by a veterinarian. The results from over-the-counter allergy tests or at-home testing kits should be approached with caution, as their accuracy in determining food allergy is extremely questionable The elimination diet usually must continue for 8 to 12 weeks (often shorter for GI signs alone) to be sure all signs and symptoms resolve, and the body is free of the inciting allergen. If symptoms improve during this period and then return upon reintroduction of the original food, a food allergy is likely present. However, do not introduce new foods without consulting a veterinarian, as this could exacerbate the problem and hinder food allergy diagnosis or determining what allergens may be involved.
Starting an elimination diet is not as simple as changing food brands or going from one that is beef-based to one that is chicken-base because there may be more than one allergen involved, and over-the-counter commercial foods are not guaranteed to contain only the desired protein and carbohydrate source so the inciting allergen could still be present. An Elimination Diet is exactly that: eliminating all foods to which the pet has already been exposed and feeding novel proteins and carbohydrates.
Therefore, for pet owners wanting to see if food allergy is the cause of their pet’s rashes and itch, prescription hypoallergenic diets are highly recommended for the elimination trial. Luckily, there are many prescription diets available for this purpose. These may include novel protein prescription diets, or ones with hydrolyzed proteins in which the inciting allergens have been broken into their smaller building blocks to minimize the risk of allergic reactions. Although over-the-counter pet foods with single source proteins and carbohydrates, may be appropriate for long term use once the allergen has been determined, they are not a first choice for diagnosing food allergy.
Homemade pet food is another avenue explored by pet owners. It allows for complete control over the ingredients used. However, it’s crucial to ensure that homemade diets are nutritionally balanced and meet all of your pet’s dietary needs. Consulting with a veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist is advisable when formulating any homemade pet food recipe. If any allergens are determined as the cause of your pet’s skin or GI issues through a homemade food elimination trial, an appropriate prescription food for long term use is generally encouraged.
In conclusion, while food allergies in pets can be challenging to manage, with careful observation, proper dietary management, and professional guidance, pets can lead comfortable and happy lives. Always consult with your veterinarian for the best approach to treat your pet’s allergies.
Most common allergens for dogs:
- Beef (top allergen)
- Chicken
- Dairy
Most common allergens for cats:
- Fish (top allergen)
- Chicken
- Beef
- Dairy
Less common allergies for both cats and dogs:
- Egg
- Wheat
- Soy
- Corn
